Red Badge Of Courage Essays (772 words) - The Red Badge Of Courage

Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane traces the effects of war on a Union soldier, Henry Fleming, from his dreams of soldiering, to his actual enlistment, and through several battles of the Civil War. Henry Fleming was not happy with his boring life on the farm. He wanted to become a hero in war and have girls loving him for his glorious achievements in battle. He knew his mother would not like to see him go to war, but it was his decision to make. He dreamed of the exiting battles of war and the thrill of fighting glorious battles. He didn't want to stay on the farm with nothing to do, so he made the final decision to enlist. After enlisting he finds himself just sitting around with nothing to do. He manages to make friends with two other soldiers, John wilson and Jim Conklin. Wilson was as exited about going to war as Henry, while Jim was confident about the success of the new regiment. Henry started to realize after a few days of marching, that their regiment was just wandering aimlessly, going in circles, like a vast blue demonstration. They kept marching on without purpose, direction, or fighting. Through time Henry started to think about the battles in a different way, a more close and experienced way, he started to become afraid that he might run from battle when duty calls. He felt like a servent doing whatever his superiors told him. When the regement finally discovers a battle taking place, Jim gives Henry a little packet in a yellow envelope, telling Henry that this will be his first and last battle. The regiment managed to hold off the rebels for the first charge, but then the rebels came back like machines of steel with re-enforcements, driving the regement back. One man started to flee, then another, and another still. Henry was scared, confused, and in a trance as he saw his forces depleating. He finally got up and started running like a proverbial chicken, who has lost the direction of safety. After running away, Henry started rationalizing his behavior after running from the enemy. At first he fells he was a stupid coward for running, then he feels he was just saving himself for later. he felt nature didn't want him to die, eventhough his side is losing. He believes he was intelligent for running and hopes he will die in battle just for spite. The same time Henry met Jim, he also met a tattered man. In the next charge, Henry and the tattered man see Jim die a slow, and painful death. After Jim's death, and a little talking, Henry,though not realizing it, leaves the tattered man alone on the battle field, hurting inside, and dangerous to himself. In the charge ahead, Henry starts asking the soldiers why they are running. He grabbed a comrad by the arm and asked the man "why- why-" not letting go of the mans arm, so the man hit Henry over the head with the butt of his rifle, giving Henry his first Red Badge of Courage. Dazed, Henry stumbles around the battle field struggling to stay on his feet, until a cheery man comes around and helps Henry to get back to his regement. At his regiment he confronts wilson and has his wound on his head attended to. After a short rest he again gets back into battle. After the regiment lost that battle, the generals had the regiment marching again. Henry felt the generals were a lot of "lunkheads" for making them retreat instead of confronting the enemy. Henry begins to feel that, he and Wilson, are going to die, but goes to battle anyway. In battle, Henry began to fume with rage and exhaustion. He had a wild hate for the relentless foe. He was not going to be badgered of his life, like a kitten chased by boys. He felt that he and his companions were being taunted and derided from sincere convictions that they were poor and puny. In yet another battle, when Henry and Wilson get a chance to carry their flag, they fight over who will retain the flag. Red Badge Of Courage Essays (772 words) - The Red Badge Of Courage Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane traces the effects of war on a Union soldier, Henry Fleming, from his dreams of soldiering, to his actual enlistment, and through several battles of the Civil War. Henry Fleming was not happy with his boring life on the farm. He wanted to become a hero in war and have girls loving him for his glorious achievements in battle. He knew his mother would not like to see him go to war, but it was his decision to make. He dreamed of the exiting battles of war and the thrill of fighting glorious battles. He didn't want to stay on the farm with nothing to do, so he made the final decision to enlist. After enlisting he finds himself just sitting around with nothing to do. He manages to make friends with two other soldiers, John wilson and Jim Conklin. Wilson was as exited about going to war as Henry, while Jim was confident about the success of the new regiment. Henry started to realize after a few days of marching, that their regiment was just wandering aimlessly, going in circles, like a vast blue demonstration. They kept marching on without purpose, direction, or fighting. Through time Henry started to think about the battles in a different way, a more close and experienced way, he started to become afraid that he might run from battle when duty calls. He felt like a servent doing whatever his superiors told him. When the regement finally discovers a battle taking place, Jim gives Henry a little packet in a yellow envelope, telling Henry that this will be his first and last battle. The regiment managed to hold off the rebels for the first charge, but then the rebels came back like machines of steel with re-enforcements, driving the regement back. One man started to flee, then another, and another still. Henry was scared, confused, and in a trance as he saw his forces depleating. He finally got up and started running like a proverbial chicken, who has lost the direction of safety. After running away, Henry started rationalizing his behavior after running from the enemy. At first he fells he was a stupid coward for running, then he feels he was just saving himself for later. he felt nature didn't want him to die, eventhough his side is losing. He believes he was intelligent for running and hopes he will die in battle just for spite. The same time Henry met Jim, he also met a tattered man. In the next charge, Henry and the tattered man see Jim die a slow, and painful death. After Jim's death, and a little talking, Henry,though not realizing it, leaves the tattered man alone on the battle field, hurting inside, and dangerous to himself. In the charge ahead, Henry starts asking the soldiers why they are running. He grabbed a comrad by the arm and asked the man "why- why-" not letting go of the mans arm, so the man hit Henry over the head with the butt of his rifle, giving Henry his first Red Badge of Courage. Dazed, Henry stumbles around the battle field struggling to stay on his feet, until a cheery man comes around and helps Henry to get back to his regement. At his regiment he confronts wilson and has his wound on his head attended to. After a short rest he again gets back into battle. After the regiment lost that battle, the generals had the regiment marching again. Henry felt the generals were a lot of "lunkheads" for making them retreat instead of confronting the enemy. Henry begins to feel that, he and Wilson, are going to die, but goes to battle anyway. In battle, Henry began to fume with rage and exhaustion. He had a wild hate for the relentless foe. He was not going to be badgered of his life, like a kitten chased by boys. He felt that he and his companions were being taunted and derided from sincere convictions that they were poor and puny. In yet another battle, when Henry and Wilson get a chance to carry their flag, they fight over who will retain the flag.

Free Essays on Surfacing

In â€Å"Surfacing,† by Margaret Atwood, the unnamed protagonist acquires a radical perception of reality that is developed through an intense psychological journey on the island that served as her childhood home. Truth can be taken from the narrator’s viewpoint, but the reader must explore the inner turmoil plaguing her in order to understand the basis of such beliefs. The narrator’s perception of reality can be deemed reliable once all of these factors are understood; however, throughout the novel Atwood develops many unseen connections that are essential to such and understanding. Once the reader is able to understand the basis of the narrator’s perception of reality, it is then possible to receive and accept Margaret Atwood’s stance on the role of women and nature and, thus, discover the underlying meanings of the novel. The narrator returns home to an unforgotten place that is gradually being taken over by the diseased culture of the â€Å"Americans.† At this point in the novel the narrator feels as if she has allowed herself to fall under the control of man and hence has, too, like nature, been a victim of the â€Å"American† culture. Although it is not yet clearly evident, it can be inferred when she makes first light of the situation. The baby was â€Å"my husband’s, he imposed it on me, all the time it was growing in me I felt like an incubator. He measured everything he would let me eat, he was feeding it on me, he wanted a replica of himself.† With this in mind, it is quite understandable why the narrator feels contempt towards the â€Å"Americans.† Perhaps, she relates her husband’s masculinity and need to control her to the â€Å"Americans† need to disrupt and manipulate nature. Thus, it is hypothesized, that as the novel progresses the narra tor’s perception of reality, and, consequently, Atwood’s main argument, is developed through the connection between both nature’s and women’s inability to resist dominat... Free Essays on Surfacing Free Essays on Surfacing In â€Å"Surfacing,† by Margaret Atwood, the unnamed protagonist acquires a radical perception of reality that is developed through an intense psychological journey on the island that served as her childhood home. Truth can be taken from the narrator’s viewpoint, but the reader must explore the inner turmoil plaguing her in order to understand the basis of such beliefs. The narrator’s perception of reality can be deemed reliable once all of these factors are understood; however, throughout the novel Atwood develops many unseen connections that are essential to such and understanding. Once the reader is able to understand the basis of the narrator’s perception of reality, it is then possible to receive and accept Margaret Atwood’s stance on the role of women and nature and, thus, discover the underlying meanings of the novel. The narrator returns home to an unforgotten place that is gradually being taken over by the diseased culture of the â€Å"Americans.† At this point in the novel the narrator feels as if she has allowed herself to fall under the control of man and hence has, too, like nature, been a victim of the â€Å"American† culture. Although it is not yet clearly evident, it can be inferred when she makes first light of the situation. The baby was â€Å"my husband’s, he imposed it on me, all the time it was growing in me I felt like an incubator. He measured everything he would let me eat, he was feeding it on me, he wanted a replica of himself.† With this in mind, it is quite understandable why the narrator feels contempt towards the â€Å"Americans.† Perhaps, she relates her husband’s masculinity and need to control her to the â€Å"Americans† need to disrupt and manipulate nature. Thus, it is hypothesized, that as the novel progresses the narra tor’s perception of reality, and, consequently, Atwood’s main argument, is developed through the connection between both nature’s and women’s inability to resist dominat...

Review/Summary of the movie Born on the 4th of July Review

/Summary of the Born on the 4th of July - Movie Review Example (Special references to the protagonist Ron Kovic and the problems faced by him during and after his involvement in the Vietnam War). Brief plot summary: The film focuses upon the protagonist’s life during and after the Vietnam War. As a normal individual, his life was with full of peace and happiness. But his involvement in Vietnam War undertaken by his motherland (America) forced him to be in the warfront. Meanwhile, he did realize the problems faced by the marines during war. During an attack, Ron Kovic became permanently paralyzed and it forced him to shrink into his personal domain. This alienation from his public domain and family helped him to realize the futility of war and the importance of international peace. So, he decided to react and was fully immersed in the propaganda against war. Review: One can easily identify that the film is based upon the life history of the Vietnam War veteran, Ron Kovic. The director tries to unveil the futility of war, the psychological trauma created by war and the need of international cooperation to regain peace. The director makes use of the protagonist as an innovative tool to unleash his ideas upon the futility of war.

No topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

No topic - Research Paper Example â€Å"Doctrine of conditioned genesis â€Å"articulates that nothing appears independently in the actual sense but rather everything links to the other in different perspectives. Understanding this doctrine proves essential in pursuing liberation, in that someone refers to the basics that everything appears in a cycle (interdependently), whereby everything occurs because of a cause and triggers effect (Montalvo 51). The doctrine operates on a conditionality principle, usually given in four statements, that shows the interconnection in life. This principle gains further elaboration via twelve aspects, whereby each triggers effect in the other and thus explaining the idea about relativity. Lao Tsu poses logical answers to political questions that many leaders and persons display in their living via his poems. Lao Tsu expounds that running of the best country would occur when the leader lays his trust upon the citizens (Tzu & Tom 11). This would then explain that the citizens withhold love for their leader opposed to fearing. Lao also articulates that leaders constituted in the best countries instill freedom upon people rather than posing restrictions unto them or being dishonest. Lao further states that countries should exhibit peaceful relations with each other and evade wars at all possible ways unless it proves inevitable (Tzu & Tom 15). However, in case of wars, Lao dictates that countries should never undertake arms, but if inevitable, should utilize them with

Pier Luigi Nervi and Santiago Calatrava - Protagonists of an Research Paper

Pier Luigi Nervi and Santiago Calatrava - Protagonists of an Engineering-based Architecture - Research Paper Example Their roles in the industry are similar. On juxtaposing them, it is clear that they are very much alike. Architecture is the entire process of designing and putting the design into action to produce a complete product. Engineering based architecture employs the principles of architecture in solving engineering problems. These include aspects like construction of buildings, roads, dams, aircraft, and vehicle. The engineer applies architectural skills to ensure that the engineering problem is solved. This is the field of operation of these protagonists. Pier Luigi Nervi and Santiago Calatrava have been in the engineering based architecture industry for years. Their work is magnificent. They are renowned the world over for their great work. They have Iconic structures which distinct them from the other players in the field. There role in the field is that of a kingpin. They are undoubtedly the protagonists. They work internationally. They serve all kinds of clients from all corners of t he world. There role in the field cannot be matched by other players. They have set very high standards in the field that are a pace setter for the rest of the players to emulate. It is out of proper dedication and resilience that one is capable of achieving such a milestone. To be able to be a role model to even one individual of sound mind is a mountain to climb. The fact that these players I the industry are an icon for others from all over the world is clear evidence that they are the protagonists in the industry. Santiago Calatrava Biography Santiago Calatrava is a Spaniard who was born in Valencia in the early 1950’s. He is one of the most renowned engineering based architects. He is also a sculptor in addition to being an architect and a structural engineer. He got his first bachelors degree from the Polytechnic University of Valencia. He graduated with an honors degree in architecture. He followed this with a post graduate degree in urbanism. He later on moved to Zuri ch in Switzerland where he graduated with an honors degree in Civil Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. It was until he got his doctoral degree that he began practicing his engineering and architecture. He wrote a thesis on Space Frames foldability. Calatrava’s engineering background. Calatrava spend his early career in engineering based architecture concentrating on bridges and train stations. This was in the early 1990s. Even at this early stage of his career, he came up with projects that were revolutionary in nature. He changed the horizon for the engineering based architectural industry. His designs were magnificent. He was very lucky to be granted a spotlight at the early stage of his career by the international Olympic Games. These games were hosted in Barcelona in his home country of Spain. He had just completed his Muntjuic Communications Tower. This was right in the middle of the Olympic site. With the full glares of the worldwide cameras, he stole the show with his design. It was a spectacle. This was followed by the Allen Lambert Galleria in the Canadian capital of Toronto. These projects marked the point of revolution in his career. He never looked back. Since then things have never been the same again in his line of work. He has risen to be an icon. He is a protagonist in the field. His techniques to link architecture and engineering in his design Calatrava is more like a genius. He employs the great architectural skills and background that he has into the civil engineering skills and background that he again has to come up with state of the art designs. His designs give other architects an eye opener. They

Reflective Leadership And Definitions Of Leading Management Essay

Reflective Leadership And Definitions Of Leading Management Essay Leadership, Wow, I cant say that I have ever studied about a word with so much meaning and diversity. Considering that there are many definitions of leadership and no one in particular is right or wrong. I want to explain what I believe is the key theories of leadership success within profit and non-profit organizations, which are the contingency theories of Situational Leadership and Transformational Leadership. As with all leadership theories, the behaviors and attributes of the leader will directly influence the satisfaction and performance of subordinates, therefore it is essential that we discuss what makes these two theories most effective in terms of leadership success. The way I came to this realization about these two theories is really quite simple, they both relate to the needs of the subordinate in reference to their ability to effectively carry out task. I have seen first-hand how each theory is used to influence team members and in an attempt to reflect back on what I think effective leadership is, I want to start with the situational leadership theory and how it relates to the situational variables of everyday life. Basically not everyone shares the same heredity in terms of natural traits and tendencies, nor the same upbringing, community, or life experiences. Heritable tendencies, including different learning styles, mixed with life experiences, form an inner core on which all future experiences are built layer by layer (Belasen Frank, 2008). For instance, with situational leadership, comes the need for appropriate types of leadership behaviors required for different levels of subordinate maturity in relation to the work being performed. For example as stated in our text, a high-maturity subordinate has both the ability and confidence to do a task, whereas a low-maturity subordinate lacks ability and self-confidence ( Yukl, Dec 31, 2008, p. 235). Whether at home, at church or just about anywhere you go, you will notice different levels of maturity, while some levels of maturity are high and some low, if a leader knows what to look for in a subordinate it can prove to be most effective in terms of leadership success. For example, consider an individual with a low level of maturity, the leader should use substantial task-oriented behavior and directive defining roles, clarifying standards and procedures, and monitoring progress on attainment of objectives ( Yukl, Dec 31, 2008). However, quite the opposite is true for a subordinate with high-maturity level. In this case the leader should use a low level of task-oriented and relations-oriented behaviors because of the subordinates ability to do the work without much dir ection or monitoring by the leader, and the confidence to work without much supportive behavior by the leader ( Yukl, Dec 31, 2008). I might add that when dealing with the different levels of maturity, it is important to remember that as maturity levels increase and decrease, so does the need for an increase or decrease in the amount of task-oriented behaviors. Therefore, requiring the leader to provide more relations-oriented behaviors based on the different levels of subordinate maturity. Either way, when dealing with the maturity levels of subordinates, the leader should build a relationship based on understanding and trust by being supportive and consulting with peers on their concerns, while providing praise and attention. Furthermore, the most important aspect to remember that the key to successful managerial leadership is not just to recognize the opposing pressures placed on the managerial job, but knowing how to navigate across the roles to balance contradictory demands from diverse constituencies (Belasen Frank, 2008). Therefore, if a relations-oriented behavior involves building relationships with peers, it can be considered one of the most effective attributes a leader needs influence followers and successfully move an organization forward. Relationships and trust are inherent concerns for many organizations because they are valuable attributes that directly affect leadership effectiveness and organizational success. Understanding this accusation is being a ware as technology increases and organizations grow more complex, so does the quality of trust and relationships, therefore making these elements critical to the success of the organization. As discussed above, being supportive and consulting with subordinates about their concerns, while providing praise and attention means actively communicating through group or one on one meetings to address concerns. Personal or organizational strengths, challenges, weaknesses and liabilities are a few concerns. This strategic move can only be achieved through the use of structured questions to discuss the areas that needed to be improved or changed. Note that relationships and trust are always two sided which means not only can this relations-oriented behavior prove effective for the leader, it gives the subordinate the opportunity to express concerns related to the leaders abilities. For example, if leadership abilities are questionable because of the complexity of the task, and there are stron g relations-oriented behaviors based on trust and relationships across all levels of an organization, the issue of leadership abilities can be addressed openly. However, if leaderships abilities are left unaddressed it can have a negative influence that could cause defiant behaviors among subordinates; therefore the use of Transformational Leadership Theory comes into play. While Transformational Leadership begins with an awareness of our own beliefs and feelings, and how these beliefs and feelings affect the actions of the leader. As a leaders awareness grows, they begin to see an inner motivating force that drives the passions and values that affect the thoughts, feelings and actions of others. Basically as a leaders awareness increases, so does their perception. Perception allows them to choose actions openly meeting the needs of the situation and people around us, which is more powerful than a Situational Leadership style. Transformational Leadership inspires wholeness of being, so that a leaders thoughts, feelings and actions are consistent. Transformational leadership is about leading with honesty and legitimacy that inspires others to follow and eventually become leaders themselves. This stylish approach to leadership, guides its leaders from a competitive nature among individuals, teams or nations. The approach leads an association in understand ing the whole situation, and leadership for the good of all. For example, this style of leadership directs leaders from making a transaction at any cost. It forms lasting relationships and seeks reasonable outcomes; such as realizing a supportable vision that contributes to the welfare of everyone involved, not just the ones with the power and control. Much like the Situational Theory objectives of task and relations-oriented behaviors, the Transformational Leadership Theory focuses on developing a mutual trust among leaders and followers, while nurturing the leadership capabilities of others. First introduced by James MacGregor Burns during his study of political leadership, the term Transformational Leadership is now used in organizational psychology as well. Burns described it not as a set of specific behaviors, but rather an ongoing process by which leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation, Transformational leaders offer a purpose that transcends short-term goals and focuses on higher order intrinsic needs (Covey, 2007). The Transformational Leadership Theory identifies four behaviors/processes needed to achieve leadership effectiveness, which include charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, as well as consideration. These behaviors or processes attempt to support the claims su rrounding this Transformational style of leadership. This theory states, that if a leader exhibits these qualities they will motivate subordinates to be high achievers and put the long-term interest of the organization ahead of their own short-term interest. I will discuss these four concepts more in depth. First looking at the component of charisma which is the degree in which a leader performs his or her duties in commendable ways that causes peers to identify with the leaders values and beliefs. For instance, charismatic leaders may display beliefs, take stands and appeal to peers on an emotional levels based on the values or beliefs they establish. Not only will a charismatic leader demonstrate these values and beliefs in their actions, they will use them as a way to become a positive role model for their followers. As with the trust that must be built between leaders and followers, it needs to be built on a moral and ethical foundation that prompts inspirational motivation. This is another Transformational component in which a leader expresses a vision that is both appealing and inspiring to followers. Leaders that use the component of inspirational motivation, challenge followers by setting high standards, communicate positivity about future goals, and provide a sense of significance for the task at hand. Considering that this Transformational component requires the followers to maintain a sense of perseverance if they are to be motivated. It is inherently important that this idealistic aspect of leadership be supported with communication skills that aids in the expression of his or her vision. If one uses precision, power and persuasion, it will trigger yet another component, intellectual stimulation. With intellectual stimulation or the amount to which the leader challenges follower expectations, takes risks and solicits their ideas by stimulating and encouraging follower creativity. As a result of follower support in a leaders vision, it provides a foundation for followers to manage how they relate to the leader, organization and the goals set forth by the organization. Once this foundation is set, the follower can creatively overcome any difficulties in the way of the mission. As with many large organizations, the need for Individualized consideration or individualized attention arises as a component of the Transformational style of leadership requires the leader to attend follower needs on an individual bases. During this individualization process the leader acts as a mentor and listens to the concerns and needs of the followers. This act of individual attention also involves the need for the leader to respect and celebrate the individual contributions made by each peer to achieve team success. A leader that harnesses this type of leadership trait and uses it effectively adds diversity to the team and gives it power. This approach not only educates the next cohort of leaders, but fulfills the individual needs for self-actualization, fulfillment. This naturally propels followers to further success and growth. When  analyzing these leadership theories and how they are affected by group culture, personal values, globalization and performance results, we have to consider the leadership behaviors that have a positive effect on the followers performance. We often hear that true leaders are born and not made, however once groups are formed, there always seems to be one individual that emerges from the group and takes on the role of leadership, which is a very good indication that the roles and behaviors of leadership vary from one situation to the next. For instance, situational leaders are able to adapt their leadership style to fit their followers and situations in which they are working by making conscious choices between the use of directive behavior or supportive behavior ( Erven, 2001, p. 1). For a leader to use a directive behavior, they must rely on providing structure, control and close supervision of the followers, whereas with a supportive behavior, the leader relies on praise, two -way communication, and supporting the work of the individual or group. Characterized as the most popular approach to understanding leadership effectiveness, Transformational leadership theory rests on the claim that certain leader behaviors can arouse followers to a higher level of thinking. Much like the supportive behavior found in the situational leadership theory, Transformational leadership effectiveness depends on the four dimensions of leader behavior mentioned earlier. Idealized influence, Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration all build a positive relationship between leader and follower. With all of the leadership theories and the behaviors that coincide with each theory, there is still the question of whether or not there is such a thing as a born leader. While I am convinced that there are individuals who are born with leadership skills there are those that are taught the leadership skills required to become effective leaders. Furthermore, after studying about all of the possible leadership scenarios and leadership skills available to man, it is imperative for effective leadership that they be taught and implement in our daily lives. In conclusion, I wrote about my views of effective leadership, which all involved trust and relationships, problems and solutions. Using the theories and characteristics described here along with my reflections on what leadership should consist of, I have a few commitments that define my leadership ability and serves as controlling ideologies for my future growth and development as an effective leader. Much like the characteristics of a situational and transformational leader, my obligations are as follows: building trust; maintaining a moral purpose; building meaningful relationships with peers while sharing the responsibility of decision making processes; accepting change as a process and not just a power move; reveling success on an individual and group basis; provide meaning and joy in the work; mentoring others in a professional way while maintaining a balance between work and family demands. Therefore, as I continue to progress as a leader, I anticipate that my experiences, bel iefs, and ideas may actually influence my own perceptions of what it takes to be an effective leader. In the final analysis, it is difficult to briefly define leadership because effective leadership in theory and practice is difficult and multidimensional. Therefore, with all of the different leadership theories and characteristics, it is imperative that leaders do not limit themselves to just a select few, because as we all know, as situations change so does the need for a different leadership approach. To me thats what determines the effectiveness of leadership. Furthermore, true leaders have a responsibility to the organization to work jointly and willingly with peers, in finding solutions that provide an effective leadership foundation.

Mother Courage: The Hole In The Cheese :: essays research papers

Mother Courage contains a quote that pulls the entire play together so innocuously; it's hard to believe that Brecht originally intended it to be so symbolic. Yet, there it is, in scene six, the chaplain rhetorically asks, "What happens to the hole when the cheese is gone?" This line operates on the three essential layers of the play: the level of the character, of the playwright (plot), and of the audience. On "face" value, this line is said about peace. The chaplain believes that the image of peace as the norm and war as an abnormal event is backward. He sees war as the standard occurrence (the cheese) and peace as merely an interim incidence (the holes in the cheese). Thus peace is nothing without a backdrop of war upon it; a hole is only a hole - it contains nothing. The substance of life is war.But the chaplain's line wouldn't be as significant if it didn't have a more global meaning. In the light of the plot, "What happens to the hole when the cheese is gone?" is a question that Mother Courage should ask and apply to herself. Clearly the cheese is Swiss Cheese specifically, and more generally all of her children. Mother Courage only thinks about a certain part of her children - their use to her in her business. She has an odd sort of motherly care for her children; abstractly, she has affection for them, but it's only abstract. The only concrete feelings she expresses toward her children is that they should listen and depend on her; as long as they stay and work with her, she will keep them safe. But she can't understand that their identities are so crucially different than the tiny roles she has given them in her life. She only sees the hole, but her children are real people with real ambitions. Swiss Cheese has such a desire to be honest and useful, but she only sees a simpleton. Kattrin can't voice her feelings, but it's clear that she's a strong woman like her mother, and yet Mother Courage slams her (unintentionally) in every interaction they have. Kattrin is treated like an unwanted wage slave. Mother Courage cannot see the substance of her children, and when it is lost, cannot find what she thought they were because her reality was a hole. Their use to her was a hole framed in substance, and when the substance is lost, the hole is exposed to never have existed.

Alain Locke’s The New Negro: Aspects of Negro Culture Essay

Alain Locke, in â€Å"The New Negro,† suggests that the â€Å"old Negro† is really nothing more than a myth or an ideal. He talks about the fact that there are aspects of Negro culture – such as the spiritual – that were beaten down but were accepted when finally allowed to emerge. Locke then takes a look at some trends, including the tendency toward moving â€Å"city-ward,† and says these are not because of poor or even violent conditions in the south nor of the industry in the north. Instead, he attributes this migration to â€Å"a new vision of opportunity. † Locke then points out that the Negro is willing to work for better conditions and that this migration is not only toward the city and away from the country life, but also away from the old ways and toward the new. New Negro is a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. The term â€Å"New Negro† was made popular by Alain LeRoy Locke. The New Negro,† Locke described the landscape of Harlem as filled by different notions of what it meant to be a black American. -Old Negro† as â€Å"more myth than a man† and the blind acceptance of this â€Å"formula† against ideas of â€Å"the thinking Negro† and the true diversity of actual human beings This move is significant because Locke uses this idea to create space for a more accurate representation of the Negro community in light of the antecedent ideological poles of the moral leadership and imaged blackness. Locke’s primary goal in the essay â€Å"The New Negro† is to migrate from monolithic notions of an â€Å"Old Negro†, as well as from the exhausted frameworks of bourgeois intellectual black leadership toward an idea that gives creative agency and credibility to the â€Å"rank and file† of Negro life (Locke, New Negro: 6). -New Negro† as a means of rediscovering individuality of voice in the context of community. –// In a 1925 essay entitled â€Å"The New Negro,† Alain Locke described this transformation as an embracing of a new psychology and spirit. Locke felt that it was imperative for the â€Å"New Negro† to â€Å"smash† all of the racial, social and psychological obstacles that had previously kept the Black man from reaching his goals. –â€Å"The intelligent Negro of today is resolved not to make discrimination an extenuation for his shortcomings in performance, individual or collective; he is trying to hold himself at par, neither inflated by sentimental allowances nor depreciated by current social discounts â€Å"By shedding the old chrysalis of the Negro problem we are achieving something like a spiritual emancipation â€Å"Negro life is not only establishing new contacts and founding new centers, it is finding a new soul â€Å"So for generations in the mind of America, the Negro has been more of a formula than a human being –a something to be argued about, condemned or defended, to be â€Å"kept down,† or â€Å"in his place,† or â€Å"helped up,† to be worried with or worried over, harassed or patronized, a social bogey or a social burden? † â€Å"In the intellectual realm a renewed and keen curiosity is replacing the recent apathy; the Negro is being carefully studied, not just talked about and discussed. In art and letters, instead of being wholly caricatured, he is being seriously portray eel and painted. Alain Locke, in â€Å"The New Negro,† suggests that the â€Å"old Negro† is really nothing more than a myth or an ideal. He talks about the fact that there are aspects of Negro culture – such as the spiritual – that were beaten down but were accepted when finally allowed to emerge. Locke then takes a look at some trends, including the tendency toward moving â€Å"city-ward,† and says these are not because of poor or even violent conditions in the south nor of the industry in the north. Instead, he attributes this migration to â€Å"a new vision of opportunity. † Locke then points out that the Negro is willing to work for better conditions and that this migration is not only toward the city and away from the country life, but also away from the old ways and toward the new. New Negro is a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. The term â€Å"New Negro† was made popular by Alain LeRoy Locke. The New Negro,† Locke described the landscape of Harlem as filled by different notions of what it meant to be a black American. -Old Negro† as â€Å"more myth than a man† and the blind acceptance of this â€Å"formula† against ideas of â€Å"the thinking Negro† and the true diversity of actual human beings This move is significant because Locke uses this idea to create space for a more accurate representation of the Negro community in light of the antecedent ideological poles of the moral leadership and imaged blackness. Locke’s primary goal in the essay â€Å"The New Negro† is to migrate from monolithic notions of an â€Å"Old Negro†, as well as from the exhausted frameworks of bourgeois intellectual black leadership toward an idea that gives creative agency and credibility to the â€Å"rank and file† of Negro life (Locke, New Negro: 6). -New Negro† as a means of rediscovering individuality of voice in the context of community. –// In a 1925 essay entitled â€Å"The New Negro,† Alain Locke described this transformation as an embracing of a new psychology and spirit. Locke felt that it was imperative for the â€Å"New Negro† to â€Å"smash† all of the racial, social and psychological obstacles that had previously kept the Black man from reaching his goals. –â€Å"The intelligent Negro of today is resolved not to make discrimination an extenuation for his shortcomings in performance, individual or collective; he is trying to hold himself at par, neither inflated by sentimental allowances nor depreciated by current social discounts â€Å"By shedding the old chrysalis of the Negro problem we are achieving something like a spiritual emancipation â€Å"Negro life is not only establishing new contacts and founding new centers, it is finding a new soul â€Å"So for generations in the mind of America, the Negro has been more of a formula than a human being –a something to be argued about, condemned or defended, to be â€Å"kept down,† or â€Å"in his place,† or â€Å"helped up,† to be worried with or worried over, harassed or patronized, a social bogey or a social burden? † â€Å"In the intellectual realm a renewed and keen curiosity is replacing the recent apathy; the Negro is being carefully studied, not just talked about and discussed. In art and letters, instead of being wholly caricatured, he is being seriously portray eel and painted. Alain Locke, in â€Å"The New Negro,† suggests that the â€Å"old Negro† is really nothing more than a myth or an ideal. He talks about the fact that there are aspects of Negro culture – such as the spiritual – that were beaten down but were accepted when finally allowed to emerge. Locke then takes a look at some trends, including the tendency toward moving â€Å"city-ward,† and says these are not because of poor or even violent conditions in the south nor of the industry in the north. Instead, he attributes this migration to â€Å"a new vision of opportunity. † Locke then points out that the Negro is willing to work for better conditions and that this migration is not only toward the city and away from the country life, but also away from the old ways and toward the new. New Negro is a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. The term â€Å"New Negro† was made popular by Alain LeRoy Locke. The New Negro,† Locke described the landscape of Harlem as filled by different notions of what it meant to be a black American. -Old Negro† as â€Å"more myth than a man† and the blind acceptance of this â€Å"formula† against ideas of â€Å"the thinking Negro† and the true diversity of actual human beings This move is significant because Locke uses this idea to create space for a more accurate representation of the Negro community in light of the antecedent ideological poles of the moral leadership and imaged blackness. Locke’s primary goal in the essay â€Å"The New Negro† is to migrate from monolithic notions of an â€Å"Old Negro†, as well as from the exhausted frameworks of bourgeois intellectual black leadership toward an idea that gives creative agency and credibility to the â€Å"rank and file† of Negro life (Locke, New Negro: 6). -New Negro† as a means of rediscovering individuality of voice in the context of community. –// In a 1925 essay entitled â€Å"The New Negro,† Alain Locke described this transformation as an embracing of a new psychology and spirit. Locke felt that it was imperative for the â€Å"New Negro† to â€Å"smash† all of the racial, social and psychological obstacles that had previously kept the Black man from reaching his goals. –â€Å"The intelligent Negro of today is resolved not to make discrimination an extenuation for his shortcomings in performance, individual or collective; he is trying to hold himself at par, neither inflated by sentimental allowances nor depreciated by current social discounts â€Å"By shedding the old chrysalis of the Negro problem we are achieving something like a spiritual emancipation â€Å"Negro life is not only establishing new contacts and founding new centers, it is finding a new soul â€Å"So for generations in the mind of America, the Negro has been more of a formula than a human being –a something to be argued about, condemned or defended, to be â€Å"kept down,† or â€Å"in his place,† or â€Å"helped up,† to be worried with or worried over, harassed or patronized, a social bogey or a social burden? † â€Å"In the intellectual realm a renewed and keen curiosity is replacing the recent apathy; the Negro is being carefully studied, not just talked about and discussed. In art and letters, instead of being wholly caricatured, he is being seriously portray eel and painted. Alain Locke, in â€Å"The New Negro,† suggests that the â€Å"old Negro† is really nothing more than a myth or an ideal. He talks about the fact that there are aspects of Negro culture – such as the spiritual – that were beaten down but were accepted when finally allowed to emerge. Locke then takes a look at some trends, including the tendency toward moving â€Å"city-ward,† and says these are not because of poor or even violent conditions in the south nor of the industry in the north. Instead, he attributes this migration to â€Å"a new vision of opportunity. † Locke then points out that the Negro is willing to work for better conditions and that this migration is not only toward the city and away from the country life, but also away from the old ways and toward the new.

Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 1

It was on the first day of summer vacation that Poppy found out she was going to die. It happened on Monday, the first real day of vacation (the weekend didn't count). Poppy woke up feeling gloriously weightless and thought, No school. Sunlight was streaming in the window, turning the sheer hangings around her bed filmy gold. Poppy pushed them aside and jumped out of bed and winced. Ouch. That pain in her stomach again.-Sort of a gnawing, as if something were eating its way toward her back. It helped a little if she bent over. No, Poppy thought. I refuse to be sick during summer vacation. I refuse. A little power of positive thinking is what's needed here. Grimly, doubled over-think positive, idiot!-she made her way down the hall to the turquoise-and gold-tiled bathroom. At first she thought she was going to throw up, but then the pain eased as suddenly as it had come. Poppy straightened and regarded her tousled reflection triumphantly. â€Å"Stick with me, kid, and you'll be fine,† she whispered to it, and gave a conspiratorial wink. Then she leaned forward, seeing her own green eyes narrow in suspicion. There on her nose were four freckles. Four anda half, if she were completely honest, which Poppy North usually was. How childish, how-cute! Poppy stuck her tongue out at herself and then turned away with great dignity, without bothering to comb the wild coppery curls that clustered over her head. She maintained the dignity until she got to the kitchen, where Phillip, her twin brother, was eating Special K. Then she narrowed her eyes again, this time at him. It was bad enough to be small, slight, and curly-haired–to look, in fact, as much like an elf as anything she'd ever seen sitting on a buttercup in a children's picture book–hut to have a twin who was tall, Viking-blond, and classically handsome .. well, that just showed a certain deliberate malice in the makeup of the universe, didn't it? â€Å"Hello, Phillip,† she said in a voice heavy with menace. Phillip, who was used to his sister's moods, was unimpressed. He lifted his gaze from the comic section of the L.A. Times for a moment. Poppy had to admit that he had nice eyes: questing green eyes with very dark lashes. They were the only thing the twins had in common. Phillip said flatly, and went back to the comics. Not many kids Poppy knew read the newspaper, but that was Phil all over. Like Poppy, he'd been a junior at El Camino High last year, and unlike Poppy, he'd made straight A's while starring on the football team, the hockey team, and the baseball team. Also serving as class president One of Poppy's greatest joys in life was teasing him. She thought he was too straitlaced. Just now she giggled and shrugged, giving up the menacing look. â€Å"Where's Cliff and Mom?† Cliff Hilgard was their stepfather of three years and even straighter-laced than Phil. â€Å"Cliff's at work. Mom's getting dressed. You'd better eat something or she'll get on your case.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Poppy went on tiptoe to rummage through a cupboard. Finding a box of Frosted Flakes, she thrust a hand in and delicately pulled out one flake. She ate it dry. It wasn't all bad being short and elfin. She did a few dance steps to the refrigerator, shaking the cereal box in rhythm. â€Å"I'm a †¦ sex pixie!† she sang, giving it a footstomping rhythm. â€Å"No, you're not,† Phillip said with devastating calm. â€Å"And why don't you put some clothes on?† Holding the refrigerator door open, Poppy looked down at herself. She was wearing the oversize T-shirt she'd slept in. It covered ‘ her like a , minidress. â€Å"This isclothes,† she said serenely, taking a Diet Coke from the fridge. There was a knock at the kitchen door. Poppy saw who it was through the screen. â€Å"Hi, James! C'mon in.† James Rasmussen came in, taking off his wraparound Ray-Bans. Looking at him, Poppy felt apang-as always. It didn't matter that she had seenhim every day, practically, for the past ten years. Shestill felt a quick sharp throb in her chest, somewherebetween sweetness and pain, when first confronted with him every morning. It wasn't just his outlaw good looks, which alwaysreminded her vaguely of James Dean. He had silky light brown hair, a subtle, intelligent face, and grayeyes that were alternately intense and cool. He was the handsomest boy at El Camino High, but that wasn't it, that wasn't what Poppy responded to. It was something insidehim, something mysterious andcompelling and always just out of reach. It made her heart beat fast and her skin tingle. Phillip felt differently. As soon as James came in, he stiffened and his face went cold. Electric dislike flashed between the two boys. Then James smiled faintly, as if Phillip's reactionamused him.†Hi.† â€Å"Hi,†Phil said, not thawing in the least. Poppyhad the strong sense that he'd like to bundle herup and rush her out of the room. Phillip alwaysoverdid the protective-brother bit when James wasaround. â€Å"So how's Jacklyn and Michaela?† headded nastily. James considered. â€Å"Well, I don't really know.† â€Å"You don't know?Oh, yeah, you always drop yourgirlfriends just before summer vacation. Leaves you free to maneuver, right?† â€Å"Of course,† James said blandly. He smiled. Phillip glared at him with unabashed hatred. Poppy, for her part, was seized by joy. Goodbye, Jacklyn; goodbye Michaela. Goodbye to Jacklyn's elegant long legs and Michaela's amazing pneumatic chest. This was going to be a wonderful summer. Many people thought Poppy and James's relationship platonic. This wasn't true. Poppy had known for years that she was going to marry him. It was one of her two great ambitions, the other being to see the world. She just hadn't gotten around to informing James yet. Right now he still thought he liked long-legged girls with salon fingernails and Italian pumps. â€Å"Is that a new CD?† she said, to distract him fromhis stare out with his future brother-in-law. James hefted it. â€Å"It's the new Ethnotechno release.† Poppy cheered. â€Å"More Tuva throat singers-I can't wait. Let's go listen to it.But just then her mother walked in. Poppy's mother was cool, blond, and perfect, like an Alfred Hitchcock heroine. Shenormally wore an expression of effortless efficiency. Poppy, heading out of the kitchen, nearlyran into her. â€Å"Sorry-morning!† â€Å"Hold on a minute,† Poppy's mother said, gettinghold of Poppy by the back of her T-shirt. â€Å"Good morning, Phil; good morning, James,† she added.Phil said good morning and James nodded, ironically polite. â€Å"Has everybody had breakfast?† Poppy's motherasked, and when the boys said they had, she looked at her daughter. â€Å"And what about you?† she asked,gazing into Poppy's face. Poppy rattled the Frosted Flakes box and hermother winced. â€Å"Why don't you at least put milkon them?† â€Å"Better this way,† Poppy said firmly, but when hermother gave her a little push toward the refrigerator, she went and got a quart carton of lowfat milk. â€Å"What are you planning to do with your first day of freedom?† her mother said, glancing from James to Poppy. â€Å"Oh, I don't know.† Poppy looked at James. â€Å"Listen to some music; maybe go up to the hills? Or drive to the beach?† â€Å"Whatever you want,† James said. â€Å"We've got allsummer.† The summer stretched out in front of Poppy, hotand golden and resplendent. It smelled like pool chlo rine and sea salt; it felt like warm grass under her back. Three whole months, she thought. That's forever. Three months is forever. It was strange that she was actually thinking thiswhen it happened. â€Å"We could check out the new shops at the Village — was beginning, when suddenly the painstruck and her breath caught in her throat. It was bad-a deep, twisting burst of agony thatmade her double over. The milk carton flew fromher fingers and everything went gray.

HEINEKEN N.V- Global Branding Awareness

HEINEKEN N.V- Global Branding Awareness HEINEKEN N.V- Global Branding AwarenessProblem Statement: As the consumer needs tastes vary across the globe, Heineken must decide how much to adept their marketing strategy to local needs using a variance of standardized marketing mix adapted marketing mix, owing to the strong brand preferences loyalties that exist among the beer drinkers.Recommendations: Heineken needs to evaluate its home replication, multi-domestic national, global transitional strategy to establish its scope of operations, resource deployment distinctive competence across its strategic business units. They also need to prioritize between global integration vs. national responsiveness evident from decreasing sales in Holland rest of Europe (refer chart 1). Also, Heineken's global branding strategy should account for the socio-cultural influences, attitudes perception of its consumers in foreign markets.Analysis: Heineken's position in the beer market is consolidated by its strong history, making it the n umber two beer brewer in the world, thus accounting for nearly 5% of the worlds production.Some kind of delicious.With a major global presence, Heineken's main market is Europe, accounting for 47% of its sales. Some of the other brands include Amstel, Buckler, Murphy's Stout Bir Bintang, each of these being targeted at different levels across the world.Heineken's premium quality taste was attributed towards five core brand values: taste, premiumness, tradition, winning sprit friendship. Heineken's "good taste" brand image advertising can be evaluated on the basis of desirability, exclusiveness believability. These attributes can be measured on the basis of the evolving market structure, beginning at the embryonic stage (eg: Africa) and continuing to the declining stage (eg: USA), thereby creating a platform for laying down the market objectives. Also the relationship between the product-trial rate and the customer awareness level will remain to be the deciding factor on reach, f requency...

Institutions of American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Institutions of American Government - Essay Example In my opinion, however, it may be more accurate to say that media is a contest terrain of both the American and world politics. Out of America’s democratic tradition, American media is known as the fourth branch of government. Democratic thinkers argue that although formally, there are three branches of government (or the executive, legislative, and the judicial branches of government), media adds to the first three categories. Actually, media is outside of formal ambit of government. However, if it wishes to, the state can have effective control of the media. State control on the media is feasible via restrictions and regulations. It is also feasible to control media via technology. The military is well known to have the capability to scramble radios, disrupt media transmission lines, and shut down electronically media’s operations. The American government and the military have even the capability to shut down or censor the internet if they want to. They can even use à ¢â‚¬Å"ethical† hacking to bring down a website. Yet, at the same time, there is no need for America’s elite to shut down or censor the internet. Shutting down or imposing censorship in the internet will be to the disadvantage of America’s elite because shutting down or censoring the internet can also mean crippling or slowing down business operations. Other than this, shutting down or censoring the internet too much will mean losing the political vantage that America enjoys over her enemies. Democracy and freedom are America’s fighting slogans against communist and Islamic fundamentalism. Shutting down or censoring the internet will be costly politically for American to win the political, military, and moral war over perceived enemies. Elite dominance over the media has not been formal anyway. It is not as if government directly threatened media

Relationship Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Relationship Marketing - Essay Example To keep the relationship alive, relationship marketing becomes essential. This does not mean that the company should be ‘best friends’ with the client, rather it signifies the idea that a company should use a marketing system in which the marketing stress is placed on creating a long term relationship with customers which comes with the promise of repeat business rather than individual sales (Stone & Woodcock, 1995). This process involves a perceptive understanding of the client’s needs as the customers go through their lifecycle with the company and the satisfaction of those needs as the customer experiences them. Relationship marketing is based on the concepts of marketing but it uses cross functional teams that cut across various departments in a company to provide excellent and complete services to the clients. Rather than have the client go to different locations to get the pricing, service, promotions and other elements of the marketing mix, the entire marketing process can be handled by a team which comprises of various members of the company to provide multiple points of contact for customer groups (Peck et. al., 1999). Therefore relationship marketing is also considered to be a system which is similar to customer relationship management. This is done because the focus is on satisfying the needs of the customer rather than the needs of the company. In such a process, the product and the product lifecycle take differing positions of importance since different types and elements of marketing must be used as the customer and the product itself goes through various phases of maturity. Since the topic of relationship marketing is quite vast, it has been successfully applied to everything from consumable food items (Normandy & Sanders, 2004) to high end luxury cars (Stone et. al. 1996). While a chocolate might have a smaller life as a product, a good car remains with the buyer for several years if not several