The unique history of alabama State University Essay Example For Students

The unique history of alabama State University Essay â€Å"One must return to the past in order to move forward†, is an old African proverb that has been used to explain the purpose of studying history. This African proverb not only refers to the study of American history, but also the study of one’s family history. Another saying that has been used to refer to the study of history is, â€Å"You must learn your history, or you are bound to repeat it.† These principles can apply to education as well. The purpose of attending college is to receive a formal education. The proper approach to begin college level studies is to learn your school’s history. Enlightenment of the difficulties and barriers during the early stages of a school’s development; in addition to a deeper respect for a university, can be obtained, and if obtained, will serve as extra motivation. This holds true on the campus of Alabama State University, in Montgomery, Alabama. The unique history of Lincoln Normal School, present day Alab ama State University, is a major focus area in the study of this university’s history. We will write a custom essay on The unique history of alabama State University specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Modern day Alabama State University is a product of the mid-nineteenth century idea, held by African Americans, to open universities for slaves. This idea was difficult to implement because most slaves were not educated, and there were no means of communication due to the lack of a unifying language. The end of the Civil War in 1865 heightened the nation’s want, especially in the South, to provide a formal education for the newly freed slaves. The nation’s first Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were founded as a result. The first historic Black universities, which were founded with money from the American Missionary Association, and the famous Amistad trail, are Fisk University, Hampton University, Talladega College, and Lincoln Normal School. After these schools were established, it was still hard for a former-salve to obtain an education. Fisk University for example, only admitted those who were the children of a female slave and a white male, norma lly a slave master. Many schools during this time period adapted this same entrance criterion. A southern school, Lincoln Normal School, did not have any bias principles rooted in their entrance process. Peyton Finley founded Lincoln Normal School, present-day Alabama State University in 1867, in Marion, Alabama. Peyton Finley is also noted for being the first African American appointed to the Alabama State Board of Education. Finley’s involvement with the board of education allowed him to get the American Missionary Association and the Freemen’s Bureau to provide books, supplies, teachers, and finances for the new school. However, in 1864, the American Missionary Association went bankrupt, and could no longer support Lincoln Normal School. Therefore, the African American community in Marion, Alabama supported the financial needs of the school. In 1874, Lincoln Normal School became the first state supported institution in Alabama. Prior to this significant event in the school’s history, George N. Card became the first president of the institution in 1873. George N. Card is mostly noted for serving as president when the Lincoln Normal School became the nation’s first state supported Liberal Arts College for African American. Card also established Alabama State College Laboratory High School, in Marion, Alabama in 1874. During Card’s tenure as president, the Klu Klux Klan in Marion, Alabama endangered the lives of the African Americans attending the institution. In 1878, to the delight of many African Americans in Marion, Alabama, William Burns Paterson became the new president. William Paterson was born in Tullibody, Scotland. The African American community was happy that Paterson was the new president because he was a very aggressive and stern man. They knew that he would be able to help the institution to advance to greater heights. Paterson, along with a few students, showed his aggressiveness by partaking in gunfight with the Klu Klux Klan when they were trying to set the school buildings on fire. Paterson’s ag gressive attitude brought social turmoil to the Marion community. Therefore, to protect the safety of the students attending Lincoln Normal School, Paterson relocated the institution. The school was relocated to Montgomery, Alabama in 1887, and renamed Alabama Colored People’s University. Unfortunately, the school loss its state financial support the same year. In 1889, the school was renamed Normal School for Colored Students, and re-gained financial assistance from the state. The school ran thirty-three years on its original plan as a high school teachers-training institution. The school had its first graduating class in 1890. Sadly, William Burn Paterson died in 1915. The first African American teacher, John William Beverly, became the third president in 1915. Beverly organized and established the school as a four-year institution with the same plan of being a high school teachers-training institution. Beverly also advanced the state of the institution by purchasing additi onal land to expand the campus. The first dormitory and faculty-dining hall was constructed in 1918. John William Beverly tenure as president ended in 1920. George W. Trenholm seceded Beverly as president. .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d , .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .postImageUrl , .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d , .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:hover , .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:visited , .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:active { border:0!important; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:active , .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54d599c80aac881952431a2a32e32e8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Minimum wage Essay1920 was George W. Trenholm’s first year as president, and Alabama State College Laboratory High School had its first graduating class. Trenholm’s most important contribution to the institution was in that same year. Trenholm’s addition of the Junior College Program, which comprised two years beyond high school, made the institution a standard â€Å"Normal School†. After serving a five-year term, Trenholm’s son, Harper Council Trenholm took over the position as president. At the age of twenty-five, H.C. Trenholm became the institution’s youngest president. H.C. Trenholm elevated the Junior College status of the sc hool to a four-year institution of higher learning in 1928. Due to the new educational status of the school, the name was changed to Alabama State Teachers College in 1929. In 1931, the first graduation for the four-year college curriculum was held. H.C. Trenholm helped the college to advance even further in 1940 by instituting the college’s first graduate program. The first graduate program was in 1943. The college once again was renamed under H.C. Trenholm’s tenure as president to Alabama State College for Negroes in 1948. H.C. Trenholm relinquished the position of president in 1962. Levi Watkins was appointed as the sixth president of Alabama State College for Negroes in 1962. That same year, under Watkins’ supervision, the college began to offer athletic scholarships. Watkins served as president during a socially turbulent time in the south. The civil rights movement was in full swing in Watkins’ first year as president. The students at Alabama State College for Negroes were vital members in the civil rights movement. Watkins continued to push the college forward while participating in the movement himself. Watkins was an instrumental factor in the accreditation of the college in 1966 by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1969, he approved the proposal to change the name of the college from Alabama State College for Negroes to Alabama State University. A few years later, in 1975, the administrative control of the university changed from the State Board of Education to the Alabama State Board of Trustees. Watkins’ last grea t contribution to the university while serving as president was the development and commencement of University College in 1975. Robert L. Randolph, Leon Howard, Clifford C. Baker, and William H. Harris, respectively were the following presidents of Alabama State University. These presidents also made very tremendous contributions to present-day Alabama State University. However, if it were not for the hard work of Peyton Finley, George N. Card, William B. Paterson, John W. Beverly, G.W. Trenholm, H.C. Trenholm, and Levi Watkins, the university would not be as prominent as it is today. The diligent effort of these presidents to make this university a success has not been overlooked. Buildings on the campus today have been named in their honor. Finley Hall was named after the university’s founder, Peyton Finley. The Levi Watkins Learning Center was named after the sixth president that approved the name of Alabama State University, Levi Watkins. Card Hall was named after univers ity’s first president; George Card. Beverly Hall was given its name in honor of the president that had the first dormitory built, John William Beverly. Tullibody Hall was named after the birthplace of William B. Paterson, which was Tullibody, Scotland. H.C. Trenholm Hall and G.W. Trenholm Hall were named after Harper Council Trenholm and George W. Trenholm. H.C. Trenholm elevated the educational status of the university from a Junior college to a four-year college, and G.W. Trenholm advanced the school to a normal school of education. The unique history of Alabama State University is filled with the dreams of slaves for a better life. Payton Finley made the first step in bringing the dreams of the slaves alive. The obstacles that were overcome by the influential personalities that assisted in the university’s success will always be an inspiration for students attending this prestigious university. Alabama State University truly has stood by its motto, â€Å"A proud tradition†¦the promise of a bright future!† Bibliography:

Future of Management

Future of Management Future of Management Page 1Future of ManagementMGT 3303 November 2003Future of Management Page 2AbstractAs the business world continues to adapt and change future managers will need a new approach separate from the traditional role of management. Management and leaders alike will have challenges to contrast bigger, better, and faster concepts.Future of Management Page 3Future of ManagementManagement is someone who plans, organizes, leads and controls the people and the work of the organization in such a way the organization achieves its goals. All to often the terms leadership and management are used interchangeably . However, these words actually describe two different concepts. Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess. Leadership is just one important component of the leading function. A leader is someone who people naturally follow through their own choice, whereas a manager must be obeyed.English: Harvard Business SchoolLeaders have drive and a high desire for achievement. They also realize that in order to fulfill their vision, they need to set a series of goals that will help them to do so.Effective leaders are goal orientated and want to lead. They like being in control and prefer a leadership role rather than a subordinate role. Although many manager set goals and follow through with them the difference is that leaders are instrumental in influencing vision and setting goals. The difference in a manager and a leader is the leader does what ever it takes to accomplish his goals that take self-control and discipline.An example is Bill Gates even though he was accepted...

Interracial Marriage Under Apartheid

Interracial Marriage Under Apartheid Officially, there  were no interracial marriages under Apartheid, but in reality, the picture was much more complicated. The Laws Apartheid rested on the separation of races at every level, and preventing interracial sexual relations was an essential piece of that.  The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act from 1949 explicitly prevented white people from marrying people of other races, and the Immorality Acts prevented people of different races from having extra-marital sexual relations. Moreover, the 1950 Group Areas Act prevented people of different races from living in the same neighborhoods, let alone the same house. Yet despite all of this, there were some interracial marriages, though the law did not see them as interracial, and there were other couples who broke the Immorality Acts and were often jailed or fined for it. Unofficial Interracial Marriages Under Apartheid The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act  was one of the first steps in setting up Apartheid,  but the law only criminalized the  solemnization  of mixed marriages, not the marriages themselves.  There were a small number of interracial marriages prior to that law, and while there was not much media coverage given to these people during Apartheid, their marriages were not automatically annulled.   Secondly, the law against mixed marriages did not apply to non-white people, and there were proportionally more interracial marriages between people classified as â€Å"native† (or African) and â€Å"Coloured† or Indian. While there were in effect mixed marriages, the law did not see them as interracial. Racial classification under Apartheid was based not on biology, but on social perception and one’s association. A woman who married a man of another race was, henceforth,  classified as being of his race. Her choice of husband defined her race. The exception to this was if a white man married a woman of another race. Then he took on her race. His choice had marked him, in the eyes of white Apartheid South Africa, as non-white. Thus, the law did not see these as interracial marriages, but there were marriages between people who prior to the passage of these laws had been considered to be of different races. Extra-Marital Interracial Relations Despite the loopholes created by pre-existing mixed marriages and non-white interracial marriages, the Prohibition Against Mixed Marriages and the Immorality Acts were strictly enforced. White people could not marry people of other races, and no interracial couples could engage in extra-marital sexual relations. Nonetheless, intimate and romantic relationships did develop between white and non-white or non-European individuals. For some individuals, the very fact that interracial relations were so taboo made them appealing, and people engaged in interracial sexual relations as a form of social rebellion or for the excitement it offered.  Interracial relations came with serious risks, though. The police followed people who were suspected of engaging in interracial relations. They raided homes in the night and inspected bed sheets and underwear, confiscating anything that they thought showed evidence of interracial relations.  Those found guilty of violating the Immorality Acts faced fines, jail time, and social censure. There were also long-term relationships that had to exist in secret or be camouflaged as other types of relationships. For instance, most domestic workers were African women, and so an interracial couple could camouflage their relations by the man hiring the woman as his maid, but rumors often spread and such couples were also harassed by the police. Any mixed-race children born to the woman would also provide clear evidence of an interracial relationship.   Post-Apartheid Interracial Marriages The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages and Immorality Acts were repealed in the mid-1980s during the loosening of Apartheid. In the initial years, interracial couples still faced significant social discrimination from all races, but interracial relations have become more common as the years pass.  In recent years, couples have reported far fewer social pressures or harassment.

Compare and contrast Roshomon or Godzilla to Japan from 19301970 Essay

Compare and contrast Roshomon or Godzilla to Japan from 19301970 - Essay Example The havoc that Godzilla wreaks upon the people of Japan is certainly a symbolic representation of the devastation of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Yet Godzilla also works a symbol for the future of Japan as a reborn world power that focuses not only military might, but on mastering science and technology itself. Almost immediately, Godzilla launches into specific commentaries on Japanese culture, especially its history of vulnerability to attacks from the Other, whether natural disaster or the threat of annihilation by a superior power. Nuclear testing in the Pacific proved to be causing significant health dangers to Japanese fishermen and the early images of an unknown lethal force destroying fishing boats on an island directly connects with those real life concerns. The concept of radiation creating problems for the people of Japan long after the actual atomic bombs goes to the core of Japanese life following those detonations. It is not just the man-made threat engendered by scientific progress that the film speaks to, however. It also is concerned with the historical concerns of the Japanese regarding the precarious position as a small island subject to the might of nature. Godzilla represents the obvious fears of helplessness that stem from being a small, isolated island nation suddenl y stripped of its military might. In essence, the post-war treaty stripped Japan of its very right to defend itself while also providing precautions against its entertaining imperialist ambitions in the future. The vulnerability that the Japanese have always naturally felt was doubtlessly a contributing factor to their imperialist confrontations with Korea, China and Russia. Rather than waiting to be attacked and putting their ability to defend themselves to the test, their vulnerability could be counteracted by becoming the aggressors themselves. Faced with the unquestioned inability to defend themselves against an enormous opponent who could destroy lives and buildings on a massive scale, there can be little argument that at heart Godzilla was a concrete symbol of the fear of American might. But within that specific fear lies a much larger element. America and its technological superiority did not just mean an end to Japan's imperialist ambitions in World War; those massive explosions signaled a host of other changes as well. America was barely a baby in comparison to the millennia-long history of Japan. The Japanese tradition of ancient warriors and rituals were epitomized by the existence of its emperor. One important element of the particular vulnerability that Japan faced following World War II was the death of their historical identity. The powerful nation that had beaten back far more imposing military powers and had conquered foreign lands was no more. A modern nation still ruled by ancient tradition saw, with the atomic bombings, their empire reduced to rubble and forcibly democratized. One pointed episode that takes place in the film may address this confusion of identity. The Diet Building had over the years come to symbolize the Japanese movement from its imperial tradition to its status among the democracies

Humanitarian Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanitarian Ethics - Essay Example In this meaning, the antonym is "amoral", indicating an inability to distinguish between right and wrong. The second denotes the active practice of those values. In this sense, the antonym is "immoral", referring to actions that violate ethical principles. Personal ethics signifies a moral code applicable to individuals, while social ethics means moral theory applied to groups. Social ethics can be synonymous with social and political philosophy, in as much as it is the foundation of a good society or state. This moral power in man involving the exercise of man’s greatest endowments of freedom, rights and duties, is a most distinctive feature of the human personality. Much as the spirit, the soul giverns and permeates the whole human body in a human person, so this moral prerogative of man prevails over, permeates and pervades the whole totality of human activity. While all other aspects of human life may be confined and categorized into separate compartments, this moral characteristic of man transcends, penetrates and invades all compartments of human living, all phases of human endeavor. For man is principally and primarily a human person whose highest faculty is his moral power, his willpower, his freedom. Hence, there cannot be, for instance, in the practical world of human affairs such a thing as purely economic matter, a purely political problem or question, a pure artistic undertaking, and the like – entirely apart from and independent of all moral connections and considerations. Much of the present day problems rising from conflicting claims of authority and powers, when seen in the light of the explained postulate of the primacy of the spirit and morality disappear or point to their own solutions. Unfortunately, because of the crassly materialistic temper and tenor of our times, the moral angle is often overlooked, moral authority is often bypassed or

Community Service Essay -- Humanitarian Organizations Essays

Community Service People complain everyday about the problems in this world. One of my complaints is about people who complain! I have a high respect for those who take actions to try to solve these problems. One major group which has to solve problems this is internationally recognized is Rotary International. Another group with similar goals is The Ruritan Foundation. Both of these groups have a website used by people all over the world to communicate information about their organization and how people can get involved. Ruritan focuses on the loval community and serving on a much smaller scale than Rotary. For Rotary, an overall emphasis is made on international service needs and diversity among people, as well as advancing global awareness about issues. There are more ignorant people out there than you may think. According to the main website, www.rotary.org., "Rotary International is an organization of business and professional leaders united worldwide who provide humanitarian service, encourage high ehtical standards in all vocations, and help huild good will and peace in the world." Rotarians devote their lives so much to humanity that its motto is "Service before Self,"by service and helping others and ultimately, in a utopian world, accomplishing peace, in daily personal lives as well as while working on Rotary-specific projects (About Rotary). You may be asking what types of concerns this association cares about. According to the "About Rotary" section of the website, they address many of today's most critical issues, such as children at risk, poverty and hunger, the environment, illiteracu, and violence, to name a few. Getting involved in a particular area of concern would not be a s... ...s website in that it contains a list of links on the left side to investigate differnt aspects of the organization. The webpage is not as formal as that of Rotary International, but still is not necessary that it is. The differences between Ruritan Foundation and Rotary International actually complement each other. while Ruritan focuses on the local community and serving its needs, Rotary has world-wide perspective on similar issues. Information for prospective members is also a crucial objective of these websites since they are target readers. People who are too stagnate to follow through with their altruistic desires can at least donate money to the people who take action on their calling to kindness. The Rotary and Ruritan organizations relate to almost all people in this world, whether a member, donating, or receiving care; everyone can benefit.

Air Operated Four Wheeler

Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4Ãâ€"4 (â€Å"four by four†) is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drive train that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously. While many people associate the term with off-road vehicles, powering all four wheels provides better control in normal road cars on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing. In abbreviations such as 4Ãâ€"4, the first figure is the number of wheels; the second is the number of powered wheels. 4Ãâ€"2 mearns a four-wheel vehicle in which engine power is transmitted to only two wheels the front two in front-wheel drive or the rear two in rear-wheel drive. The main objective of our project is to perform to introduce the advance technology in the field of automobile.Here the four wheeler is carry out for the purpose of changing the gears using with the help of air power. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word, vehiculum, are non-living mearns of transport. Most often they are manufactured ( e. g. bicycles, cars, motorcycles, trains, ships, boats, and aircraft), although some other mearns of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks. Vehicles may be propelled or pulled by animals, for instance, a chariot, a stagecoach, a mule-drawn barge, or an ox-cart. However, animals on their own, though used as a mearns of transport, are not called vehicles, but rather beasts of burden or draft animals.This distinction includes humans carrying another human, for example a child or a disabled person. A rickshaw is a vehicle that may carry a human and be powered by a human, but it is the mechanical form or cart that is powered by the human that is labeled as the vehicle. For some human-powered vehicles the human providing the power is labeled as a driver. Vehicles that do not travel on land often are called craft, such as watercraft, sailcraft, aircraft, hovercraft, and spacecraft Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed, or skied. The true inventor of four-wheel drive is not really known; the history of such was not well recorded.In 1893, before the establishment of a modern automotive industry in Britain, English engineer Joeseph Bramah Diplock patented a four wheel drive system for a traction engine, including four-wheel steering and three differentials, which was subsequently built. The development also incorporated Bramagh's Pedrail wheel system in what was one of the first four-wheel drive automobiles to display an intentional ability to travel on challenging road surfaces. It stemmed from Bramagh's previous idea of developing an engine that would reduce the amount of damage to public roads. Ferdinand Porsche designed and built a four-wheel driven Electric vehicle for the k. u. k.Hofwagenfabrik Ludwig Lohner & Co. at Vienna in 1899, presented to the public during the 1900 World Exhibition a t Paris. The vehicle was powered by an electric hub motor at each wheel, a design later used by NASA in the lunar rover. Although clumsily heavy, the vehicle proved a powerful sprinter and record-breaker in the hands of its owner E. W. Hart. Due to its unusual status the so-called Lohner-Porsche is not widely credited as the first four-wheel driven automobile. The first four-wheel drive car, as well as hill-climb racer, with internal combustion engine, the Spyker 60 H. P. , was presented in 1903 by Dutch brothers Jacobus and Hendrik-Jan Spijker of Amsterdam.